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Leafy
Spurge
Leafy
Spurge: General information
Leafy
Spurge General information including biology,
control, costs, and infestation (including a time line of occurances
in the U.S. and Canada, and development of control endeavors). Produced
by TEAM Leafy Spurge of the ARS.
Leafy
Spurge - Biology, Ecology and Management Summary
of Leafy Spurge biology, habitat, control methods (biological, chemical,
grazing), and integrated management plans. Published jointly by Montana
State Extension, and NDSU Extension.
Leafy
Spurge: Identification and Control (1998) Summary
of Leafy Spurge identification, habitat, control methods. Produced
by NDSU Extension.
The
History of Leafy Spurge Control in North Dakota (2003)
History of Leafy Spurge infestations and control efforts in North
Dakota. Also includes a discussion of of Velma
Rudd's research in the early 1930's, the development of Weed Society
of North Dakota, and development noxious weed control laws. Published
by NDSU Extension.
Plants
Database: Euphorbia esula page Search
the Plants Database for euphorbia esula for standardized information.
Included in the database are plant symbol, checklists, taxonomy, distributional
data and weed desibnations by state, characteristics, images, plant
links, and references. Maintained by the Natural Resources Conservation
Service of the USDA.
Purge
Spurge: Leafy Spurge Database (version 4, 2002)
800 documents are on this "Purge Spurge" database, along
with an extended bibliography listing hundreds more. Also includes
a complete collection of Leafy Spurge Symposium abstracts and proceedings
beginning with the meeting's inception in 1979 through 2001, along
with numerous photos, maps, tables and more. Produced by TEAM Leafy
Spurge of the ARS. Published as a CD-ROM (free copies available);
web access available from NDSU Library.
Abstracts
of papers presented at Leafy Spurge Symposia 1994-2001
Scroll to the appropriate subject section within each symposium.
Abstracts
of papers presented at the TEAM
Leafy Spurge Symposium 2004.
Scroll to the appropriate subject section.
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Leafy
Spurge: Biology and Ecology
Leafy
Spurge - Biology, Ecology and Management Summary
of Leafy Spurge biology, habitat, control methods (biological, chemical,
grazing), and integrated management plan. Published jointly by Montana
State Extension, and NDSU Extension.
The
Biology of Leafy Spurge Review of some of the
more important aspects of the biology of leafy spurge that relate
to its aggressive nature, and an understanding of which might lead
to its ultimate control or eradication. From the Proceedings of the
Leafy Spurge Strategic Planning Workshop, Dickinson, North Dakota,
1994, and also produced as part of the Purge Spurge Database.
Leafy
Spurge: Life History and Habits Pivotal research
from 1933 conducted by Velma Rudd and H.C. Hanson. Covers biological
description, dissemination (by seeds and roots), growth habits, root
survivial, seedling survival and other biological aspects. Originally
published as V. Rudd's North Dakota Agricultural College masters thesis;
edited and re-published as North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station
Bulletin 266, 1933.
Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, pH, and Organic Matter on Leafy Spurge Infested Rangeland
in Southwestern, North Dakota (no
date) A study to detect if there is a difference between non infested
native sites and leafy spurge infested sites in soil nitrogen, phosphorus,
organic matter, and pH. Produced by North Dakota State Univeristy
Hettinger Research Extension Center.
Effects
of nitrogen fertilization in leafy spurge root architecture. (Abstract
only. Contact Mario
E. Biondini or your local library to request a copy)
A study designed to (1)
determine the effect of patchy N fertilization on shoot and root biomass,
root distribution by depth, root plasticity, and the ratio of coarse
vs. fine roots of leafy spurge; and (2) determine how leafy spurge
scales root biomass to root lateral spread and root surface area,
as well as how these scaling patterns are affected by N fertilization.
Article published in the Journal of Range
Management, v. 53 (2), 2000, p. 228-232
Also
articles within the Purge
Spurge: Leafy Spurge Database produced by TEAM
Leafy Spurge of the ARS (USDA),
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Leafy
Spurge: Biological Control and Integrated Management
Biological
Control of Leafy Spurge (2002)
A comprehensive easy-to-read manual for using biological control as
an effective leafy spurge management tool. Also includes helpful information
on obtaining and using flea beetles. Produced by TEAM Leafy Spurge
of the USDA Agricultural Research Service.
Invasive
Weeds: Leafy Spurge page
Section of the NDSU Extension web site summarizing
the biology, growth habits, infestations, and various control methods
(grazing, biological, chemical, tillage and IPM) for invasive plants
and weeds of North Dakota. Produced by NDSU Extension as part of its
Invasive Weed web site.
Biological
Control of Leafy Spurge: Flea Beetle Extension
publication describing biology and utilization flea beetles for controling
Leafy Spurge. Some mention of other biological control methods is
also made. NDSU Extension publication W-1183, December 1999. For a
more printer friendly, slightly edited version of this same publication
go to Leafy
Spurge Control Using Flea Beetles
Biological
Control of Leafy Spurge
(1989) A summary report on USDA's major biological control program
involving importing and distributing the weed's natural insect enemies.
APHIS Program Aid Number 1435 produced by the Northern Prairie Wildlife
Research Center, Jamestown, ND
Biological
Control of Leafy Spurge: An Emerging Success Story Research
report on the history and effect of biological control efforts. Includes
a chronology of earliest documented reports of Leafy Spurge in the
US in 1827 through major infestations and control efforts to 1999.Produced
by Team Leafy Spurge of the USDA Agricultural Research Service.
Integrated
Management of Leafy Spurge NDSU
Extension publication summarizing control of leafy spurge by a combination
of biological control (including grazing and insects), herbicides,
and tillage. NDSU Extension Publication W-866 (Revised), March 1995
Flea
Beetles for Leafy Spurge Control (1998) This study
reports on the effects of two flea beetle releases on above- and below-ground
characteristics of leafy spurge and the associated plant communities.
Published by the NDSU Dickinson Research Extension Center
Assessment
of the Extent and Success of Leafy Spurge Biological Control Agents
(2004) Results
of a survey of persons using insects as biocontrol agents to assess
the level of insect establishment and the level of current and perceived
future control of leafy spurge. Respondents indicated biocontrol efforts
are affecting at least some level of control and, in some cases, reported
substantial reductions in spurge stands. Published by the NDSU Department
of Agricultural Economics.
Prescribed
Fire Effects on Biological Control of Leafy Spurge.
(1999) Research report on tests to evaluate effect of prerelease burning
and prescribed fire on flea beetle colonies. Published by Northern
Prairie Wildlife Research Center; also published as Journal of Range
Management 52:489-493
Ranch
Operators' Perceptions of Leafy Spurge Management and Evaluation of
the Team Leafy Spurge Project (2002) Results of
a survey to evaluate ranchers' acceptance and use of IPM spurge management
techniques, and to measure awareness and conceived value of the TEAM
Leafy Spurge Project. Reports of previous surveyson the same topic
are also available. Published by the NDSU Departmentt of Agricultural
Economics.
Predicted
Future Economic Impacts of Biological Control of Leafy Spurge in the
Upper MidWest.
(1997) Prompted by the widespread adoption of biological agents to
combat leafy spurge and the initial success in reclaiming previously
infested land, this report evaluates the potential future economic
benefits of the biological control of leafy spurge in the Upper Midwest.
Summary report is also available. Published by the NDSU Department
of Agricultural Economics.
Also
articles within the Purge
Spurge: Leafy Spurge Database produced by TEAM
Leafy Spurge of the ARS (USDA),
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Leafy
Spurge: Chemical Control
Herbicide
Control of Leafy Spurge (2002)
A comprehensive, easy-to-read manual on using herbicides as an effective
leafy spurge management tool. Produced by TEAM Leafy Spurge of the
USDA Agricultural Research Service.
Leafy
Spurge Control Details current pesticides recommended
for control of Leafy Spurge with information about concentratons,
application times, and contraindictions. Also includes some information
about biological control and tillage control. From
the 2004 North Dakota Weed Control Guide, published by NDSU Extension.
Leafy
Spurge - Identification and Control (1998)
NDSU Extension publication summarizing chemical control methods.
Impediments
to Controlling Leafy Spurge in the Northern Great Plains (2000)
This report presents the results of focus group meetings
and personal interviews with ranchers, local decision makers, and
public land managers to discover strategies to improve leafy spurge
management. Published by NDSU Department of Agricultural Economics.
Economic
Analysis of Herbicide Control of Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia Esula L.)
in Rangeland. (1996) Herbicide treatments are
often recommended without economic evaluation. This study evaluates
the economic viability of herbicide control strategies (broadcast
herbicide treatment, treating perimeter to prevent patch expansion)
over no control. Published by NDSU Department
of Agricultural Economics, and part of the AgEcon Search database.
A
summarized version of this report was also published as
Journal
of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Volume 21, Number 2, Pages
381-395
Also
articles within the Purge
Spurge: Leafy Spurge Database produced by TEAM
Leafy Spurge of the ARS (USDA),
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Leafy
Spurge: Tillage and Cultural Control
Leafy
Spurge Control Excerpts from the 2004 NDSU Weed
Control Manual detailing current pesticides recommended for control
of Leafy Spurge with data on concentratons, application times, and
contraindictions. Also includes some data on biological control and
tillage control.
Also
articles within the Purge
Spurge: Leafy Spurge Database produced by TEAM
Leafy Spurge of the ARS (USDA),
Leafy
Spurge: Grazing Control
Multi-Species
Grazing and Leafy Spurge A
comprehensive, easy-to-read manual on using multi-species grazing
as an effective leafy spurge management tool. Produced
by TEAM Leafy Spurge of the USDA Agricultural Research Service.
Controlling
Leafy Spurge Using Goats and Sheep Extension
publication outlining feed value of leafy spurge, stocking rates,
grazng management plans, lease values of livestock, and other sources
of information. NDSU Extension Publication R-1093, May 1995.
Multi-Species
versus Single Species Grazing on Rangelands Infested with Leafy Spurge
Third year report
of a ten year study designed to determine if multi-species grazing
with cattle and sheep on leafy spurge infested rangeland will reduce
the weed's density compared to single class grazing. A
Six-Year update summary is available, as well as a seven
year update summary. Produced by North Dakota State Univeristy
Hettinger Research Extension Center.
Multi-Species
Grazing on Leafy Spurge Infested Rangeland comparing Twice-Over Rotation
Grazing versus Seasonlong Grazing A
study to to determine effects of multi-species grazing using twice-over
rotation grazing system (TOR), seasonlong grazing treatments (SL),
and nonuse treatment (NU) on leafy spurge control.A six
year update summary, as well as a
seven year update summary are also available.Produced by North
Dakota State Univeristy Hettinger Research Extension Center.
Multi-Species
Grazing of Leafy Spruge Infested Rangeland in Southwestern North Dakota
using Rotational Grazing.
A study are to determine if simultaneous grazing of leafy spurge infested
rangeland with cattle and sheep employing a rotational grazing system
in concert with insect controls will, first, enhance plant diversity
and richness and reduce leafy spurge density. A four-year
update of this study is also available..Produced by North Dakota
State Univeristy Hettinger Research Extension Center.
Cattle
and Sheep Grazing Leafy Spurge Infested Rangeland: A Demonstration
Grazing Trial on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation.
(no date) A study of the effectiveness of using multi-species
grazing approach to control leafy spurge.
Published by the NDSU Hettinger Research Extension Center
Economic
Analysis of Controlling Leafy Spurge with Sheep (2000)
Sheep Grazing,
while known to be effective in controlling leafy spurge since the
1930s, has lacked widespread adoption as a leafy spurge control. This
report evaluates the economic viability of using sheep to control
leafy spurge. An earlier report is also available. Published by NDSU
Department of Agricultural Economics.
Feasibility
of a Sheep Cooperative for Grazing Leafy Spurge
(2000)This report presents an economic feasibility study of a 5,000
head, cooperatively owned sheep operation for leafy spurge control.
The objectives were 1) determine the return on investment of the cooperative,
2) determine the proposed structure of the cooperative, and 3) ascertain
the amount of capital investment required by members in the cooperative.
A summary report is also available. Published by NDSU Department of
Agricultural Economics.
Also
articles within the Purge
Spurge: Leafy Spurge Database produced by TEAM
Leafy Spurge of the ARS (USDA),
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Leafy
Spurge: Other Resources
- Purge
Spurge: Leafy Spurge Database (version
4, 2002) 800 documents are on this "Purge Spurge"
database, along with an extended bibliography listing hundreds more.
Also includes a complete collection of Leafy Spurge Symposium abstracts
and proceedings beginning with the meeting's inception in 1979 through
2001, along with numerous photos, maps, tables and more. Produced
by TEAM Leafy Spurge of the ARS. Published as a CD-ROM (free
copies available by request); web
access available from NDSU Library.
- Biological
Control of Leafy Spurge
CD-ROM
This
multi-media CD-ROM contains resources focusing on biological control
of the weed, including a narrated PowerPoint presentation for use
with groups and an extensive photo section. Produced by TEAM Leafy
Spurge of the ARS.
For a free copy, order from http://www.team.ars.usda.gov/v2/infoproducts.html#order
- Multi-Species Grazing
and Leafy Spurge
This CD-ROM focuses on the use of multi-species grazing to control
leafy spurge. It contains a narrated PowerPoint presentation, photos
for use in presentations, and several in-depth reports on grazing
and leafy spurge. Produced
by TEAM Leafy Spurge of the ARS. For a free copy, order from http://www.team.ars.usda.gov/v2/infoproducts.html#order
- How to raise Leafy
spurge Flea Beetles. Video produced by North Dakota Dept.
of Ag, Bismarck, ND.
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